How Alcohol Affects the Family

A family is an institution with closely knit members of a household who are related by marriage adoption or by birth. These are people who have a strong relationship mutual concern for each other such that when one gets hurt, the other members also feel hurt. It is in this institution that socialization takes place.A family acts as a shelter for the members because this is where they experience unconditional love. Members do not have to work to earn love or to work for their basic needs to be met. It is a place that members can go back to when all is lost and still be cared for.Democracy is first experienced in the family because every one is listened to and every member works for the best interest of the other. Additionally, members of a family grow according to certain values upheld by the institution and as a result can be said to be very influential to an individuals personality.Therefore every family member has roles and obligations that when disrupted can make a family dysfunct ional. Alcohol abuse is one of the factors that causes disruption of the family and threatens its stability.Alcohol abuse has adverse effects on the members in that it deprives them of the basics of the family. This is because most alcohol abusers are violent and often are the ones who initiate fights. The violence when brought home is characterized by such incidences as wife battering, beating of children and financial constrains in the home as and even separation or divorce. Various members of a family can become abusers of alcohol. It can be the mother, the father or even the children. The impact of alcohol abuse usually varies depending on which member is involved.In instances where the parents are involved, the family hurts financially because in most of the cases they are the ones who are bread winners. As mentioned earlier their priorities change and the amount of money that is usually allocated to family consumption, decreases. Financial strain also could set in as a result of the accidents that come with drunkenness e.g. a road accident that occurs because of drunken driving, costs of treatment for a drunken driver who has sustained injuries and compensation for broken crockery and other wares.According to children of alcohol dependent parents are usually anxious and suffer from depression. They also stand a risk of having mental and physical problems. Additionally, they have a very high probability of also becoming addicts of alcohol and other substances or drugs. Statistics have shown that most adolescent alcoholics have parents who are addicted to alcohol. Children from parents who are addicted have a lot of money spent on their health and welfare.This is because they are sometimes subjected to abuse that would warrant their being taken to hospital. Increased health problems of family members create a financial burden to the family up to a level where there no longer exists family cohesion.The role of the parents is also compromised because they ge t to levels where they cannot instill discipline on their children. Alcohol dependent parents whose cognitive ability has been impaired because of alcohol cannot be at a position to follow up on how their children are doing at home or school and the latter become their own masters.The outcome is children who are delinquent and a threat to security in the society. Further it becomes one factor behind the family disintegrating as they start doing their own things without any guidance. In other cases the alcoholic parents are not able to perform their duties and the children take up their roles.This can get to a level where it gets confusing for the children because they have to take up other roles, i.e. that of being children and that of parents. The family in such an instance becomes dysfunctional because families fail to undertake their obligations of taking charge or leading the family. Children in such a family tend to take up the habit of dealing with issues under the influence o f another substance such that they don’t believe that they can make decisions when sober.This can be explained by the fact that children look up to their parents who have a great influence on them. Children regard their parents as heroes and may conclude in their minds that the consumption of alcohol is a heroic gesture thereby admiring it. This may prompt them to try taking the alcohol in secret so that their alcoholic activity starts at a very early age.

Psychology and Christianity Integration Paper Essay

Psychology and Christianity: two subjects that have seem to become almost impossible to talk about hand in hand. Psychology has become one completely different subject than Christianity (theology) and both have lost all contact with the other. Psychology is strictly a science and Christianity is solely based on faith and religion and the two can not be integrated together. The real question is why? Why can’t psychology and Christianity be integrated and used together as one? This paper will give some dictionary definitions of both subjects, will provide definitions based on the authors opinion, and will discuss the authors viewpoint on the integration of the two. The American Heritage dictionary defines psychology as â€Å"the science that deals with mental processes and behavior† (American Heritage Dictionary, 2000) and defines Christianity as â€Å"the Christian religion, founded on the life and teachings of Jesus† (American Heritage Dictionary, 2000). As you could see, both definitions used the words science and religion placing both subjects in their own categories. In modern days, religion and science can not be compared but rather contrasted. The integration of the two does not make sense for those who believe there should be empirical evidence for everything or people who are dependent on the Christian religion and this is where society runs into a problem. The author of this paper, however, believes there should be no problem integrating the two. In her eyes, psychology is the study of the mind and behavior, not necessarily a science but more a study. She does not use the word science because she understands that there are things in the field of psychology that have no empirical answer and therefore can not necessarily be a science, because all things science can be tested and proved. Being a Christian, she believes Christianity is a name for the faith in her Lord Jesus Christ. Because she is a Christian, her window to the world has been shaped through the Word,  her experience and what she knows to be true. In her eyes, God is the creator of the Earth and the Heavens and all things work because of Him. She believes that all things can be integrated with Christianity (theology) because God brought everything to this world. She has confidence in the fact that psychology and Christianity can be integrated. She sees the faults that can come of it but she also does not see a reason for complete separation. According to the American Heritage Dictionary (2000) defines integration as making something a whole, unifying different things as one. The author of this paper understands the integration of psychology and Christianity like this†¦psychology is the head (mind) and Christianity is the heart (soul) but neither one can work without the other. Because of the progression of the world, with technology, science and the need to prove all things empirically, faith has, in a way, been pushed away and not as important, but this is wrong. God is the one that has placed people on this Earth to provide progression and advances and without Him all things would not be possible. So, in order to fully understand these different non-theological subjects it is important to understand that faith and religion are the reason for all other subjects and that integration is actually completely necessary. But there are limitations to this. The advances of science and technology have molded the human mind into thinking that there is a need for proof because are very few things that cannot be proven and why would believe in something that cannot be proven when there are so many things that have been empirically proven? This is where the idea of integration gets messy because there is no experiential way to prove the existence of God and his all-mighty power. But this argument can be debated even further. Let’s take a peek at the idea of the unconscious mind. Clearly this is a psychology topic but why can’t it be related to faith because indeed the unconscious mind has not been completely proven. There is proof that there is such thing as the unconscious but no tangible proof of what goes on and what controls the unconscious. For example, there is no way to prove or disprove the topic of ones dream. A scientist can set someone up to an EEG and measure their brainwaves while they are dreaming but there is no way to prove or measure the content of  their dream. This is much like faith. One can be tested on the existence of their faith and religion but there is no true way of proving it; but there is also no true way of disproving it. So what now? Well in the eyes of the author there is no answer. Either you believe in the possibility of integration or you do not, and a majority of people who do have had an experience that has allowed them to see the true importance of said integration. The other problem that arises with integration is that some Christians are overly explicit with their beliefs. This is bad because people, in these days, are afraid of explicit people so these type of Christians are shut out by people in the scientific realm, because yes God created science but for those that do not understand that going after it in that way turns them off. Psychology has its domains and Christianity has its domains but there is some overlap†¦it is when to approach that overlap that gets messy. There is also the secular stand of â€Å"Christians being hypocrites.† There is a chance that psychology and Christianity have become so separated because some Christians do not want to be judged by other Christians. Back in the day, Christians would go to their pastors for help but now, because of fear of judgement, Christians want an outside view, a psychologist. Now, in this context, it is hard for integration. But this is not what integration needs to mean. Integration is simply unifying two things as one. Understanding that God created the Earth and the Heavens and that all things are made and work in God’s power allows for integration to happen.   So what do we need to do? Do we need to come up with both a psychological and theological definition for integration? No. We simply need to come to the conclusion that Christians will believe in Christian ways and scientists will believe in scientific ways and how both understand integration will be dependent on each individuals life, experience and truth. Because on both ends of the spectrum, there are unanswered questions and there will always be unanswered questions. Questions like who is God? what is sin? how do we measure God’s truth? who says Scripture is true? what does faith look like? what is the unconscious? how do we measure the content of dreams? how do we  measure the idea of â€Å"seeing the light?† These are all important questions but questions that without extreme progression and world advances will not be answered. That type of progression will not exist in the lifetime of this author so what she has concluded is that God created the world and the Heavens and that he creates all things in it. Therefore, in order for science to work, in order for psychology to work, there must be an acceptance of it being God’s world. Because if there is no God, there were did all this stuff come from?

BG William Hazen and the Savannah Campaign Research Paper

BG William Hazen and the Savannah Campaign - Research Paper Example Hazen played a major role in the planning and execution of the Savannah campaign and the fact that he managed to do so with minimal casualties can be considered to be one of the most remarkable events in the war history of the United States. The history of this man as a tactician and the victories that he won before the Savannah campaign is one of the reasons why he was so successful in the battles he led and won, ensuring that all of the intended objectives of these battles were dealt with in a manner which was swift and effective. The Savannah campaign ensured that the name of Hazen would remain in the annals of the history of the United States for a long time and this not only encouraged members of the future generations of the American military, but also led to the development of similar strategies in other wars that were fought in future. Therefore, it can be said that the Savannah campaign was a turning point in the Civil War and William Hazen was one of the military leaders wh o were able to make it a success. The Savannah campaign was planned and executed by Major General William Sherman who after leading his forces into a war in the Deep South which culminated in the capture of Atlanta made a move for Savannah as a way of opening up the communication route with the rest of the Union command.1 While this was the case, there was also the need to ensure that such strategic areas as Fort McAllister were under Union control because this was the only way through which they could be able to effectively capture Savannah. During this period, the Confederate defense of Savannah had sorely misjudged the Union army’s ability to capture the city and this was mainly because of the fact that the city’s entire defense concentrated mainly on the sea, from where the attack was expected. It is this form of defense strategy that

The Scottish Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Scottish Enlightenment - Essay Example This paper is therefore divided into two parts. The first part of this paper analyses and explains the philosophical explanations of human nature and the development of the mental process and how those ideas reflected concepts and ideas during the Scottish Enlightenment. The second part of this paper analyses how the decision in Knight v Wedderburn reflects an expression of these philosophical underpinnings. I. The Scottish Enlightenment Moral philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment were strong advocates of natural law and morality. Lord Kames in particular expressed the view that man was governed not only by the laws of the land but also by the â€Å"laws of nature† both morally and physically.6 Essentially it was predicted that the natural progression of man was based on an empirical analysis of the mental processes which was developed over time. This natural progression was predicated on the belief that man was by nature a rational being with the ability to pursue what h e or she desired in a moral way.7 By taking this approach to nature and morality, moral philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment

Finite element method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finite element method - Essay Example Consequently every computer program based on finite element analysis technique has some shortcomings because of the unresolved errors. Another important reason behind the errors which occur in the results is the incorrect operation of the software program by the user and mishandling of the data. The users of these software programs commit frequent mistakes in the selection of right type of program for analysis. There is a wide variety of possible mistakes which a user can make while using these software programs. These mistakes include the choosing an incorrect element, using a poor mesh, ignoring the key mechanical properties of members such as yielding and buckling, inputting incorrect end conditions is also one of the most frequent mistakes that the users make. There is always a difference between the actual behaviour of the structure and the simulated behaviour in computers. A computer program cannot replicate the actual behaviour of the structure, no matter how expensive it is and how efficient it is in its working and display of results. The outlook of computer programs, the innovation and the quality achieved in the graphical display have successfully concealed the inefficiencies in the operation. The users are satisfied with the graphical display of the interface and the way the results are presented and blindly rely on the results obtained from these programs. The finite element method of analysis has created unmatched possibilities in analytic process; however it is not the best option to use in all cases. At times, there are other easier and more accurate approaches to solve problems; computation of stresses using simple flexural formulas instead of three-dimensional finite element analysis is one such example. There are situations when experimental results are required to find out the material properties involved in analysis, in

No Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No - Essay Example Understanding the time value of money is of utmost importance to investing. Time value of money is a series of concepts that allows you to compare different options: Is it better to receive $40,000 today or $50,000 one year from today? If you understand the concept of discounted values, you can easily perform a calculation and come up with the right decision. The DDM model is based on the basic valuation technique and discounting principle. It combines the time value of money and future discounted cash flows considering time preference and rationality of the investors. This method indicates to you that if you buy at $60, the $3 annual dividend will ensure you receive a 5% return on your investment. If Stock ABC is trading below $60 right now, its a buy. If its trading above $60, we should wait for the price to come down. Considering, if Stock XYZ has the probability to grow its dividend? This isnt an unreasonable assumption at all. As long as a company can grow its margins, it should be able to grow its dividend. Lets assume we think Company ABC can grow its dividend by 2% every year. To calculate the dividend at year 1, all we need to do is multiply the current dividend ($3) by the dividend growth rate (2%): D1 = $3* (1 + 0.02) = $3.06. Now we can plug it into the formula with the rest of our assumptions:- The P/E ratio is the rock star of valuation ratios and gets most of the attention. The P/E ratio is popular because it’s easy to understand. Imagine a stock price is $30 a share, and the company earned $1.50 a share. That means investors are paying a price that’s 20 times higher than the company’s earnings. If the price of earnings, or P/E, is high, it means that the earnings are very valuable to other people, usually because they expect the company to grow

Pros and Cons of Police Gratuities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Pros and Cons of Police Gratuities - Essay Example This means that gratuities in the police force are for favors, called for now or later. Secondly, issuing gratuities to police officers is a way of seeking preferential treatment. Newburn argues that businesses that offer gratuities are in essence encouraging greater police presence near their business (Newburn 10) Additionally, gratuities are a form of temptation to many officers. An officer who is used to a free lunch at a kiosk is easy to manipulate, to accept a bribe disguised as a gratuity. Furthermore, once officers are used to gratuities, they take it as an obligation of members of the public to give it before they can receive the services. This, in turn, becomes a habit and only a few who can afford to pay to receive the services. Acceptance of gratuities imposes a sense of obligation to the officer accepting the gratuity. Therefore, the officer bears the obligation to deliver a request for service or favor. Gratuities also expose officers to biased judgment since they are likely to treat the members of the public who give them gratuities with favor. Firstly, police work involves a lot of risk. According to Martin, â€Å"In police work, results are measured in such terms as the number of arrests and amount of weapons and drugs recovered† (Martin web). These risk activities carried out by police officers calls for a form of appreciation in form of gratuity, at least to appreciate their hard work. Secondly, it is a form of appreciation for service offered besides their line of duty. For example, an appreciation after offering services where two vehicles had an accident qualifies as a gratuity. It is rude for a police officer to refuse an appreciation by the parties. Thirdly, it can be argued that gratuities are so small to cultivate any favor.

Law - court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law - court - Essay Example The tests were namely horizontal nystagmus test, walk and turn test, and one leg stand test. While performing the tests stated above, the patrol officer, the one who spotted Muniz on the roadside, asked him few questions such as Muniz's name, address, height, weight, eye color, date of birth. These questions were not intended to elicit information for investigatory purposes but it focuses primarily upon the perspective of the suspect and therefore not incriminating. After giving Muniz the various tasked, which he poorly performed, finally the patrol officer asked Muniz to submit himself for the breathalyzer test which is designed to measure the alcohol content of his expelled breath, Which is under the Commonwealth's Implied Consent Law. The result of this breathalyzer test will be used as real or physical evidence. The implied consent concept refers to the idea that when you get your driver's license, you agree that if you are ever arrested for suspicion of driving under the influence (DUI/DWI) of drugs or alcohol, you will submit to a blood, breath, or urine test (depending on availability and whether the suspected chemical was drugs or alc

Quality Management In Health Care Research Paper

Quality Management In Health Care - Research Paper Example The growing predominance of chronic illness and the search for less costly delivery settings, post-acute and long-term mental and physical health care services are increasingly important. ( Huq & Martin, 2005) Expenditures for nursing homes and home health care have grown as a percentage of NHE from 8% or $48.9 billion in 1988, to 13.2% or $171.5 billion in 2000. Medication is one of the most important tools for the healthcare and psychological field in the United States used to help treat people with mental health problems and psychological abnormalities. (Carson, K. D., Carson, Roe, C. W., Birkenmeie & Phillips, J. C., 1999). During the past decade, mental health researchers and professionals have seen a rise in the number of prescriptions being given to mental health patients in the United States, especially to children. Keeping that in mind, it has been tried to find if overmedicate these mental health patients in the U.S? Nursing homes are the principal institutions for long-term care delivery to patients with mental health issues. In 2000, there were 17 thousand federally qualified nursing homes in the United States. Medicaid is the primary payer for nursing home services, accounting for 68% of nursing home patients in 1999. Medicare covers only a small percentage of nursing home services, accounting for 9% of patients in 1999. (Grol, R., 2001) In contrast to hospitals, two-thirds of all of the nursing homes are under private, for-profit ownership. Hospitals and inpatient care have long been a central feature of the U.S. health care services industry. (Huq, Z., & Martin, T., 2005) With the development of antibiotics and improved surgical techniques and anesthesia in the mid-20th century, the hospital became the hub for the practice of medicine, earning its designation as â€Å"the physician's workshop.†

Cyber crime and identify theft #7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cyber crime and identify theft #7 - Essay Example Often times, it has been seen that individuals invade the user content on the web, hack websites and crack codes just for satisfying their own whims. At other times, the competitors or rival groups are behind such heinous attacks (Rider, 2001). What is most important is how well these cyber crimes are being engaged in the first place. If these bring out the results for the intended hackers and criminals as they ought to be called, then the element of crime is indeed a magnanimous one. The theory that describes it best is related with the criminal psychology where such behaviors are studied in detail to find out where the morally wrong issue has come in from and what could be done to thwart the basis of failure which exists within the realms of the cyber age and technology (Broadhurst, 2006). Such theories in essence dictate the basis of finding out where the society is going wrong and what collective good is required at the end of the

All About Maps Essay Example for Free

All About Maps Essay What are maps? Maps are the world reduced to points, lines, and areas, using a variety of visual resources: size, shape, value, texture or pattern, colour, orientation, and shape. A thin line may mean something different from a thick one, and similarly, red lines from blue ones. How do maps represent reality? A photograph shows all objects in its view; a map is an abstraction of reality. The cartographer selects only the information that is essential to fulfil the purpose of the map, and that is suitable for its scale. Maps use symbols such as points, lines, area patterns and colours to convey information. Why are maps important? A map gives a miniature picture of a very large space. A map is a guide to a space you have not encountered before. Maps have distance, mountains, rivers, and shapes of places or destinations. With a map, one does not have to depend on local directions. For a small price, it is a direction finder and a dependable way to take a journey. What are atlases? An atlas is a collection of maps in book form. Atlases are made for different regions and areas, and are prepared for desk use or travel use. A travel atlas is usually packaged for easy use during a trip, often with spiral bindings so it can be folded flat, and with maps at a large zoom so that they can be easily consulted on the go. A desk atlas features sizes and bindings that are typical for reference books: usually a paperback or hardcover format. Lines of latitude These are imaginary lines that circle the world in an east-west direction. They tell you how far north or south a place is from the Equator. They are drawn parallel to the Equator. There are five main lines of latitude. They are the Equator, the Tropic of Cancer, the Tropic of Capricorn, the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle. Lines of longitude Longitude is the angular distance, measured in degrees, east and west of the Prime Meridian, which is at 0o. These are imaginary lines that run across the Earth’s surface in a north-south direction, from the North Pole to the South Pole. Legends and symbols Since a map is a reduced representation of the real world, map symbols are used to represent real objects. Without symbols, we wouldnt have maps. Both shapes and colours can be used for symbols on maps. A small circle may mean a point of interest, with a brown circle meaning recreation, red circle meaning services, and green circle meaning rest stop. Colours may cover larger areas of a map, such as green representing forested land and blue representing waterways. To ensure that a person can correctly read a map, a Map Le

The International Globalization Vs Local Brands Fashion Essay

The International Globalization Vs Local Brands Fashion Essay Introduction: Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon that is leading the entire world towards becoming one market, a global village. With the world becoming a single market, globalization has had a major contribution in enabling the organizations worldwide to step out of the restricted domestic markets and to set up their operations across the globe with confidence. This has largely led to a decline in the importance in national borders and a greater emphasis on what the consumers actually demand; be the consumers located in the very country in which the organization exists or an entirely different part of the world. Globalization has had a huge impact on the branding strategies of international companies. Since the early 1990s many multinational companies, such as Unilever have moved from a multi domestic to a global marketing approach including global branding strategies (Schuiling and Kapferer 2004). Increased consumer knowledge and awareness have played an important role towards this globalization of markets and escalating the power of global brands such as Pepsi, Apple etc. As the competition in global arena increase, organizations find it important to serve international consumers along with local ones to achieve competitive advantage. However for some products and services the tastes and preferences of consumers in different nations are beginning to converge on some global norm (Holt 2002). From a consumer perspective, however, reactions to the prevalence of global brands seem to vary among the different customers. On the one hand, consumers seem to value and admire global brands and regard such brands as a status symbol. On the other hand, global brands are often criticized for threatening the local differences and leading to a loss of cultural identity. Since the trend of consumption by our people is changing, people are becoming more prone to buying the international brands rather than the local ones. Consumers feel proud in purchasing imported goods and this has increased the power of international brands. Apart from just focusing on where the product has actually been produced, consumers consider various other factors when making purchasing decisions. It has been noted that consumers are reluctant to buy goods made in less developed countries as they perceive them to be low in quality. Brands have also been perceived as being a status symbol and this thinking is most common in young people. Literature review There have been a number of researches done on brands. A definition of a brand by The American Marketing Association (AMA) in the 1960s (Keller, 1998) is â€Å"a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and differentiate them from those of competitors.† Research has proven that consumers use brands to help them make decisions about the product they choose (Ger et al., 1993). De Chernatony and McWilliam (1989) stated that successful brands, be it domestic or international, will have some unique proposition that is satisfying consumer needs. Powerful branding will also have a positive impact on consumer franchises. As Kolter et al. (2002) suggests that powerful brands command a strong brand loyalty from their consumers where these consumers perform in a repeated buying and ignore alternative brands that may be at lower prices. Recent researches suggests that influences on foreign product evaluations may be considerably complex, resulting from an interaction of various different factors such as ethnocentrism, price, perceived quality, country of origin, status, fashion consciousness, advertising campaigns etc. Ethnocentrism Research by Kinra (2006) states that ethnocentrism, which is a psychological construct which a makes a product more favorable in the minds of the consumers simply because bit is made in their own country. Ethnocentrism is when consumers think their culture to be superior to other cultures (Summer, (1906:13). Highly ethnocentric individuals tend to accept things culturally similar and reject things culturally dissimilar (Crawford and Lamb, 1981; Heslop et al., 1998; Wang and Lamb, 1983). In a study conducted by Lantz and Loeb (1996) which focused on the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and imported/international products, also found out that consumers who are highly ethnocentrism have more positive attitudes toward products from countries with similar cultures. Highly Ethnocentric consumers believe that purchasing local brands promotes patriotism and they accuse foreign brands of being a potential threat to countrys economy and employment level. They also prefer local brands because of their better understanding of local needs. Quality Quality is a trait which is very hard to define, because it is a very subjective term. Perceived quality is the perception of a consumer about a products excellence. Research proves that most consumers perceive international brands to be of higher quality and greater prestige.(e.g., Nguyen, Barrett and Miller 2005; Steenkamp, Batra and Alden 2003). If a brand is perceived as globally available, consumers are likely to attribute a superior quality to the brand, since its international acceptance is seen as a sign of its high quality. (Han 1989) According to Iglesias and Guillen (2004), consumers pass five phases of purchase process and the first phase is that the consumer perceives the product with the consideration of its availability, quality, price and the marketing activities. The consumers will make a comparison between brands to other alternatives and then make a decision. This will then either leads to the action of purchase or not to purchase that certain product from a certain brand. Country of origin he country of origin will also have a deep impact on the consumer preferences. The country of origin effect has been defined as influences, be it positive or negative, that a products country of manufacture may have on consumers decision (Elliott and Cameron, 1994). It is related to different stereotypes which are attached to a countrys product by consumers. Majority of the studies have supported a strong direct relationship between the â€Å"made -in† label and perceived quality of the product.. The findings indicate that consumers hold stereotyped images of certain countries and that these images affect their perceptions about the country. These stereotypes vary from country to country. Products from developed and highly industrialized countries are evaluated more positively than products from developing countries. Moreover, attitudes and perceptions of consumers toward brands and products will depend on categories, for instance, electronic goods from Italy may be perceived as a poor quality but Italian clothing would be perceive as fashionable and high quality (Bikey and Nes, 1982). This would be differently perceived with Japanese brands as Japanese electronic goods would be perceive with positive attitudes and Japanese clothing will be negatively perceived. Price Price is considered one of the most important factors affecting the consumer perceptions of a brand or product (Hansen, 2005). Researchers found out that once consumers perceive a price difference between local-owned and foreign-owned brands, price dissimilarities begin to affect their preference for local-owned brands. Therefore it is imperative that we test the impact of price against consumers ethnocentric tendencies to determine at what point price becomes more important to consumers than all the other factors mentioned. Consumers need a reference price as a cue for evaluating the price of an observed product/service. There are two forms of reference price an internal one that resides in consumers memory (e.g. past purchase) and an external one that is formed during the purchasing process (e.g. price comparison between brands while shopping) (Mazumdar and Papatla, 2000). If consumers perceive the local-owned brand as more expensive than the foreign-owned brand, but its quality i s similar to the foreign-owned brand, they should prefer the local-owned brand less because they perceive a higher loss with the local-owned brand. In other words, the price difference between local-owned and foreign-owned brands acts as a moderator between perception of brand ownership and purchase intention of local-owned brands Social status Authors have stressed that consumers may prefer global brands because of associations of higher prestige or because the ‘elite class use it (Schuiling Kapferer, 2004; Steenkamp, et. al., 2003). Global brands may have a higher prestige than local brands due to their relative scarcity and higher price. Critical review of the key literature In todays world, consumers are faced with an overwhelming amount of brands available for the same product category. More than hundreds brands, both local and international, may be available for products like clothes, automobiles etc. When consumers are making their purchase decisions, they may evaluate brands on different factors such as variables like price, quality, and country of origin, ethnocentrism, and social status. Price and quality are sometimes perceived to be correlated. A high-priced product may be perceived of being high in quality and this may be because of such image created by manufactures through advertising. Similarly, a global brand may perceive to be of superior quality as quality is believed to be a prerequisite for international acceptance. Consumers today are increasingly aware of products made in both developed and developing economies. Goods from third world countries may perceive to be of lower quality standard. Consumer perceptions and opinions may also depend on the product category for e.g. Italian clothing is generally perceived to be more fashionable (Bikey and Nes, 1982), while automobiles produced in country like USA may be perceived as of better quality than an Indian manufactured automobile. However, sometimes consumers believe that local organizations have a competitive edge over the foreign competitors as they have a better understanding of what consumer wants which are shaped by their cultures. While other patriotic consumers believe that buying foreign brands may hinder the growth of their local organizations. Brands like Apple, Sony, Pepsi have empowered consumers and these brands are capable of evoking associations and feeling to an extent that they have now become an important part of our lives. Due to increasing peer pressure, these foreign brands have now become a necessity for every young person. Wearing Nike shoes may be considered as fashionable and trendy in universities. So the need to be accepted by a particular social group may compel young people to buy international brands even when local brands are available at the same price. Research Question Q) Why do consumers prefer international brands to local ones? Independent variable: Price Quality Country of origin Consumer ethnocentrism Social status Dependent variable: Consumer preferences Research methodology This study is a descriptive study and more of a qualitative nature and was conducted to identify and evaluate all the factors considered by consumers that make international brands more favorable to them. The sample for this research included the 200 consumers whose ages ranged from 16-24 years. Convenience sampling was used for this study. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The questionnaire comprised of closed ended questions and Likert scale is used in most of them. We classified our population according to gender. Frequency distribution and bar charts have been used to evaluate the results. In addition to this, the means of different factors that influence consumers preferences of the local and global brands were used to determine which factors are considered the most by consumers when purchasing different brands. Limitations As the data was gathered through convenience sampling, the results cannot be generalized. There is also a possibility that the respondents might answer the questions dishonestly or half-heartedly, leading to biased findings. Apart from these limitations of our study, the fact that the data was only collected through questionnaires provided us with the frequencies as to how many people would purchase the global or the domestic brand and what factors are rated as the most important by these people, but the reasons behind their buying patterns and preferences remain unknown because these people were not further interviewed. Findings and Discussion Question 1 Do you use international brands products? According to the data collected, 72.5% of the people used international brands of which 60 were male and 85 were females. 18.5% of the people questioned claimed to use international brands occasionally, whereas, 9.1% of the people claimed not to use global brands at all. As indicated in the pie charts above, 18.5% of the people who used the global brands sometimes included 28 males and 9 females, and those who did not use the global brands consisted of 12 males and 6 females. Question 2 If the price of a foreign brand and local one is the same, which brand would you prefer? The purpose of this question was to evaluate and discover how important a factor such as price is in determining whether the consumers would go for the domestic brand or stick to the global one if both the products were in the same price range. The results found out that 76% of the consumers would go for the international brands whereas 24% would still purchase the domestic ones. Question 3 How important is the country of origin, of the product, to you? This question was asked to discover how much importance the youth lay on the country of origin as a factor when making a purchase. The results revealed far different results compared to what had been stated by the review of previous researches done. As indicated in the graph, the youth was found to be mailnly ignorant of the country in which the brand was manufactured. Majority of the consumers (76% males and 88% females) did not consider it as significant a factor as to affect his or her purchase decision. Question 4 Do you consider the quality of the product when purchasing a good? A good quality product indicates durability, reliability as well as good appearance and featuresThe review of the existing literature suggested that quality of the product and its price were rated by consumers as the most significant factor in purchasing decisions. This was supported by our empirical findings that showed that 87.5% people on average considered the quality of the brand above all the factors. This included 83 males and 92 females. The rest of the people, according to our research findings, did not place that much emphasis on the quality of the product alone. Question 5 Do you think that the purchasing patterns depict the social status of a person? Question 6 It is said that people buy international products so that they can be accepted in a particular social group. Do you agree? The results to these two questions confirmed the general perception that exists in our society, that is, the global are purchased as a status symbol. The youth mainly bought foreign branded products to be able to fit in a particular social group. This occurs largely because peer pressure tends to be high at this age, and most of the people find themselves being victims of inferiority complexes. The results to the first of these questions indicated that on average 75% of the youth (71 males and 79 females) purchased the international and local brands as a status symbol. These results were further enhanced by the results to the next question, which showed that 72% of the males and 68% of the females did, infact, believe that the people purchased the international brands to be able to fit in a particular social group. Question 7 Do you consider current fashions and trends while purchasing a good? Owing to education and information disseminated through the media, consumers in our soceity are becoming increasingly aware of the current fashions and trends prevalent even in other parts of the world. Following the current fashions and trends have become a norm in our society. Consumers now make their purchases according to the ongoing fashions,and this assumption has been supported by our findings, which shows that 92% of the females and 85% of the males considered fashion and trends when making a purchase. There was not a single female in our sample who did not pay attention to the trends and styles when going for a purchase. Moreover, these results also indicate that females are more fashion conscious than their male counterparts. Question 8 Do you think buying international brands affect unemployment in our country? The purpose of this question was to take the point of view of consumers as to whether the existence of foreign brands affect unemployement rate in our country. The results revealed that on average 80.5% of the consumers believed that the businesses are affected by the international brands and that unemployment increases as a result. This figure included 88 males and 73 females. However 10.5% of the people, on average, believed that this case only occurs sometimes, whereas 9% of the people did not believe that unemployment is related to the existence of foreign brands. Question 09 If an international brand is not easily available, would you go for the domestic brand? As the above graph indicates, the answers to this question represent differences in the opinions of the males and the females as to their willingness in substituting the domestic brand with an international brand in the case of non- availability of the international brand. The results revealed that whereas 57% of the males respondents claimed that they would go for the domestic brand if the global brand is not accessible, 78% of the females claimed not to compromise and do with the domestic brand, even if the international brand of their choice is not available. This may be indicative of the level of brand loyalty that females possess. In addition to this, only 16% of the respondents, on average, claimed that they would sometimes opt for the domestic brand in the case that the international brand is not accessible to them. Mean number of people ( in percentages) Yes Sometimes No Price of the product 76% 16.5% 7.5% Country of origin 4.5% 13.5% 82% Quality of the product 87.5% 7.5% 5% Status symbol 75% 15.5% 9.5% Current fashion and trends 85% 10% 5% Ethnocentrism 60% 20.5% 19.5% The table above compares the means of the different factors considered by consumers when selecting global brands over the local ones. Conclusion After researching on the preferences of consumers for the global and foreign brands, and finding out what factors are considered the most important by consumers when making their choices, it has been concluded that consumers do purchase the global brands and give preference to them. Consumers gain increased knowledge about international products by television. Our findings show that quality was the foremost factor that affected consumers decision about a product, with fashion and trends being second and price was rated the third most important factor in influencing consumer choice. Moreover, a foreign brand is usually regarded as a symbol of prestige and social status and as a means of being accepted in a particular group. Because of this extreme peer pressure at this age, the youth often views the use of such a foreign brand as a necessity rather than a want. Because of this extreme peer pressure at this age, the youth often views the use of such a foreign brand as a necessity rathe r than a want. Consumers were also hardly aware of how global brands affect the local economy and country of origin, as a factor in influencing consumers choice of the brand was hardly a significant factor. However, in spite of the fact that for some products the local brands are now available in the relevant price range, and quite well meet the quality standards too, nevertheless the consumers of our country find some sort of inner satisfaction in spending money on the global brands. For reasons termed brand loyalty, and even for the reason of social status, our locals continue to regard and look up to the foreign branded products.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in Congenital Brain Anomalies Protocol of Thesis for Partial Fulfillment of Master Degree in Radiodiagnosis By Eman Mahmoud Elsayed Sobh M.B.B.Ch Radiodiagnosis Resident Ministry of Health Supervisors Prof. Dr. Amany Ezzat Mohammed Mousa Professor of Radiodiagnosis Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Dr. Mahmoud Abd Ellatif Mohammed Assistant Professor of Radiodiagnosis Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University 2017 Introduction Congenital brain anomalies are abnormal developments of the brain that happen during intrauterine life and they are rare among the congenital anomalies of various organ systems. These anomalies of the central nervous system cause approximately 25% of perinatal deaths and account for about 33% of all major anomalies diagnosed at or after birth. The etiology of congenital brain anomalies is poorly understood, albeit some clinical and experimental evidence indicates that a variety of factors, including genetic (chromosome abnormality), environmental (ionizing radiation, toxic agents), infection (rubella and cytomegalovirus), and nutrition (hypervitaminosis A) might play some roles(Chen Zimmerman, 2000). It is important to diagnose these conditions as early as possible due to its far reaching neurological deficit and detrimental outcome. Most of the congenital brain anomalies can be reliably diagnosed by neuroimaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain. Radiologist and treating physician should be aware of various specific imaging appearances and unique signs of these anomalies to avoid delay in diagnosis and thereby further treatment (Singh, Srivastav, Singhania, Devi, 2014). Imaging techniques may be underutilized when clinicians are unaware of the technique or dont recognize its potential. During the last three decades, flow-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been increasingly applied to quantitatively and qualitatively assess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics in congenital brain disorders. CSF flowmetry is an extremely valuable tool because it is rapid, sensitive, non-invasive, easily performed and provides critical information in preoperative assessment as well as post-operative follow up of these patients. It is also effective in treatment planning (Yildiz, Yazici, Hakyemez, Erdogan, Parlak, 2006; Zhang Li, 2012). Phase contrast MRI is one the magnetic resonance angiography techniques that have been modified to study the CSF hydrodynamics. The normal and abnormal CSF hydrodynamics can be assessed quantitatively by measuring the peak velocity of CSF in the aqueduct using two-dimensional phase-contrast MRI which demonstrates mechanical coupling between cerebral blood and CSF flow during the cardiac cycle. The normal physiologic motion of CSF is pulsatile which synchronizes with the cardiac cycle. Quantitative analysis of CSF flow in pathways such as aqueduct that is tubular and relatively regular in diameter is desirable because the resulting laminar flow can be measured accurately by phase-contrast MRI. Qualitative assessment provides visual appreciation of the CSF flow through the aqueduct and basal cisterns. (Giiang, Chen, Chen, Huang, Chung, 2000). Aim of Work The aim of this work is to assess the CSF flow dynamics in different congenital brain anomalies using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI). Patients Site of the study: Mansoura University Hospital, Radiodiagnosis Department, MRI unit Sample size: 30 patients Duration: within 1 year Inclusion Criteria Patients with congenital brain anomalies diagnosed clinically or radiologically Exclusion criteria Patients / Guardians refusing the procedure Patients have contraindications to MRI studies Patients with associated known arrhythmias Methodology All patients will be subjected to: Full clinical examination Radiological investigations (MRI including phase contrast study of CSF flow dynamics) Electrocardiograph (ECG) Informed consent will be obtained from all patients after full explanation of the benefits and risks of the procedure. Any unexpected risks appear during the course of the research will be cleared to the participants and the ethical committee on time Any patients will be treated in the hospital if any complications occur to them related to the technique Privacy and confidentiality will be maintained to all patients. References Chen, C.-Y., Zimmerman, R. A. (2000). Congenital brain anomalies Neuroimaging (pp. 491-530): Springer. Giiang, L.-H., Chen, C.-Y., Chen, M.-Y., Huang, T.-Y., Chung, W. (2000). Normal and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics evaluated by optimized cine phase-contrast MR imaging. Chin J Radiol, 25, 191-195. Singh, T. G., Srivastav, V., Singhania, P., Devi, S. M. (2014). Congenital brain anomalies: Neuroimaging findings. Journal of Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, 3(2), 77. Yildiz, H., Yazici, Z., Hakyemez, B., Erdogan, C., Parlak, M. (2006). Evaluation of CSF flow patterns of posterior fossa cystic malformations using CSF flow MR imaging. Neuroradiology, 48(9), 595-605. doi:10.1007/s00234-006-0098-8 Zhang, B., Li, S. B. (2012). Cine-PC MR in assessment of cerebrospinal fluid velocity in the aqueduct of the midbrain correlated with intracranial pressureinitial study. Med Hypotheses, 78(2), 227-230. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.031

Diabetes Essay -- essays research papers

There are two types of diabetes: diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes insipidus is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the pituitary hormone, which is usually the result of damage to the pituitary gland. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by enormous amounts of urine that are produced by the body regardless of how much liquid is consumed. Diabetes mellitus results from the production of insufficient amounts of insulin by the pancreas. Without insulin the body cannot utilize glucose, thus creating a high level of glucose in the blood and a low level of glucose absorption by the tissues. Diabetes mellitus is generally divided into two categories: type I called insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes and type II in which the onset of the diabetes occurs during adulthood. The symptoms of the type I diabetic include irritability, frequent urination, abnormal thirst, nausea or vomiting, weakness, fatigue, and unusual hunger. This type of diabetes occurs mostly in children or young adults. The type I diabetic may have an insulin reaction in an instant, seeming perfectly normal one second and becoming unconscious the next. The early warning signs of this type of reaction are hunger, dizziness, sweating, confusion, palpitation, and numbness or tingling of the lips. If left untreated, the insulin-dependent diabetic may also experience double vision, trembling, and disorientation, may perform strange actions, and may eventually lose consciousness. While experiencing any one of these symptoms, quick consumption of a piece of candy, some soda pop, or anything else that contains sugar will bring blood sugar levels back to normal.Recovery is more difficult for the diabetic whose insulin reaction is left untreated for a long period of time. An insulin reaction producing low blood sugar can be life threatening. Therefore, it is safer to "spill" small amounts of urine sugar when taking insulin.The second type of diabetes, often referred to as maturity-onset diabetes, is likely to occur in those with a family history of diabetes and is characterized by blurred vision, itching, unusual thirst, drowsiness, obesity, fatigue, skin infections, slow healing, and tingling or numbness in the feet. Onset of symptoms is usually later in life.Diet often controls this type and insulin is not usually required. Obesity is a major factor in type I... ...esults in an elevation of blood sugar. It is important to get protein from a vegetable source. CONSIDERATIONSDo not take large doses of cysteine. It has the ability to break down the bonds of the hormone insulin. Be careful not to take extremely large doses of vitamins B1 and C. Excessive amounts may inactivate insulin. They may, however, be taken in normal amounts. Type II diabetics should avoid large amounts of niacin, but niacinamide for type I diabetics slows down destruction of beta cells in the pancreas and enhances their regeneration, extending the remission time. The statements and products in this article have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration, and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease.ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATIONFor more information on diabetes, contact the following organizations:<font size="1">American Diabetes Association1660 Duke StreetAlexandria, VA 22314(703) 549-1500International Diabetes Center5000 W. 39th StreetMinneapolis, MI 55416(612) 927-3393Joslin Diabetes FoundationOne Joslin PlaceBoston, MA 02215617) 732-2415Juvenile Diabetes Foundation60 Madison AvenueNew York, NY 10010-1550(212) 889-7575

Executive Summary Essay -- Economics

Executive Summary ----------------- The 2000 were a period of enormous growth, Australian is a prosperous nation has benefited from 9 years of uninterrupted economic growth. However, the international tourist industry was suffer from the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon in the USA on 11 September 2001. Overall, the Australian international tourist industry continues to be strong because of the board mix of natural environment and cosmopolitan cities located here, including high-tech, stable international political situation and economic prosperity. In order to increase Australian international tourist industry, Sport and Tourism of Australia’s Department of Industry, Science and Resources must develop a strategic plan to reach more potential visitors. With Australia unique natural resources, its appeal to more Asian travellers come to Australia. Over the past decade, most visitors came from the UK, Europe and North America. Now, Australia must begin some strategies to attract more travellers from Asia countries. This will give Australia the best opportunity to expand its tourism. Introduction Although Australia has been booming, the world economy has been in recession for some time. Indeed, Australian tourism is slowly declining has been far less than originally expected. Even though the Australian government strives to sustain growth in the economy without damaging the natural environment, but these improvement do not seem to be reaching the travellers its need to influence. Therefore, I am asked to summarise the marco environmental issues affecting Australian Tourism and propose additional strategies that the Sport and Tourism of Australia’s Department of Industry, Sc... ...ung singles, offer a lower price during peak season by effectiveness of adverting campaigns and promotion in generating more Asian, including: Â · Australia and Singapore have established a Joint Tourism Council that will aim to increase international arrivals to both Australia and Singapore from key markets through a co-operative partnership between the Australian Tourist Commission and the Singapore Tourism Board. Â · Most key operators selling Australia have developed websites providing product information, special deals, travel clubs and newsletters and online enquiry response mechanisms. Â · There are 10 major wholesalers/retail agents selling Australian group tour packages, with extensive branch office network of sales point location. These agents are linked with the three major carriers: Qantas, Cathy Pacific and Singapore Airlines.

The Coptic Museum in Cairo :: History, Informative

The Coptic Museum in Cairo is a life-like record of one of Egypt's periods all fraught with various antiques and monuments reflecting the different civilizations that graced the land of Egypt starting by the Ancient Egyptian civilization, passing by the Greek, the Roman, the Coptic, and lastly the Islamic. The Coptic Museum lies behind the walls of the famous Roman Fortress of Babylon in the ancient district of Cairo (Misr Al-Qadima). The area surrounding the museum abounds in lively monuments of open museums that depict with the Coptic Museum the history of the Coptic Period in Egypt. Six paramount, ancient, Coptic Churches share ground with the Coptic Museum. They date back somewhere between 5th and 8th century AD. The place holds the church of Abu Serga, the most ancient in Egypt. It was raised above the cave which the Holy Family sought refuge into as they fled from Herodus's oppression to Egypt. The place, moreover, embraces Virgin Mary's Church known as the Hanging Church; a great ancient worship house of world stature that was among the very first to host Coptic rituals on the face of earth. The museum was built in an artchitectural style using wood in ceilings and oriels (arabesque and lattice glass). Some biblical verses are written against them ornamented with Coptic embellishments like plants, especially grapevines, birds such as eagles, ostriches and peacock which all imply a certain philosophy and a specific significance in the Christian creed. Marble pillars and fountains ornamented with mosaic are more than present under the roof. The Coptic Museum in Cairo encloses rare treasures from the Coptic Period exhibiting a dimension of Egypt's civilization. The Coptic Museum in Cairo :: History, Informative The Coptic Museum in Cairo is a life-like record of one of Egypt's periods all fraught with various antiques and monuments reflecting the different civilizations that graced the land of Egypt starting by the Ancient Egyptian civilization, passing by the Greek, the Roman, the Coptic, and lastly the Islamic. The Coptic Museum lies behind the walls of the famous Roman Fortress of Babylon in the ancient district of Cairo (Misr Al-Qadima). The area surrounding the museum abounds in lively monuments of open museums that depict with the Coptic Museum the history of the Coptic Period in Egypt. Six paramount, ancient, Coptic Churches share ground with the Coptic Museum. They date back somewhere between 5th and 8th century AD. The place holds the church of Abu Serga, the most ancient in Egypt. It was raised above the cave which the Holy Family sought refuge into as they fled from Herodus's oppression to Egypt. The place, moreover, embraces Virgin Mary's Church known as the Hanging Church; a great ancient worship house of world stature that was among the very first to host Coptic rituals on the face of earth. The museum was built in an artchitectural style using wood in ceilings and oriels (arabesque and lattice glass). Some biblical verses are written against them ornamented with Coptic embellishments like plants, especially grapevines, birds such as eagles, ostriches and peacock which all imply a certain philosophy and a specific significance in the Christian creed. Marble pillars and fountains ornamented with mosaic are more than present under the roof. The Coptic Museum in Cairo encloses rare treasures from the Coptic Period exhibiting a dimension of Egypt's civilization.

Anne Fausto-Sterling’s “The Five Sexes”

Exploring the Social Standards of Sex and Gender There are several sources that tell a person how to be a man or woman. Science tells us by recognizing the X or Y chromosomes. The media shows us through the physically ideal celebrities that grace the covers of magazines and flaunt their bodies in commercials. Sports, wrestling, cars, and blue for the boys. Dresses, make-up, painted nails, and pink for the girls. All of these sources, as well as others, have evolved into an expectation that has become institutionalized within society.This expectation, is placement and belonging into the binary system of person: the man or the woman. In Anne Fausot-Sterling's acrticles â€Å"The Five Sexes† and the â€Å"The Five Sexes, Revisited†, the binary system is exposed as being faulted. The author explores the harsh physical and psychological costs that come with the conforming to social standards. In order to understand this phenomena, an explanation of the â€Å"ideal† bo dy, and how that is determined is needed. Also, an explanation of any deviation to what is â€Å"ideal†, and how those people are treated, are important in understanding society's standards of sex and gender.Fausto-Sterling explains the ideal make-up of a man and a woman. â€Å"Males have an X and a Y chromosome, testes, a penis and all of the appropriate internal plumbing for delivering urine and semen to the outside world. They also have well-known secondary sexual characteristics, including a muscular build and facial hair. Women have two X chromosomes, ovaries, all of the internal plumbing to transport urine and ova to the outside world, a system to support pregnancy and fetal development†¦ †. (â€Å"The Five Sexes, Revisited†2). In the idealized world, Fausto-Sterling points out how human beings are a â€Å"dimorphic species†, that is, two kinds. Science takes into account the biological DNA sequence of chromosomes to determine male or female. T he genitalia of a person, his/her biological parts, are the visible factors. This is reinforced by the celebrities whose ideal bodies' are worshiped by society. But what about people who fall in between? Besides the genders male and female, there is also intersexed. Within that group of intersexed, there are subgroups.Fausto-Sterling explains this in her â€Å"The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female are Not Enough†: Firstly, the term â€Å"intersex† is used in medical literature to describe the â€Å"so-called true hermaphrodite† (possesses one testis and one ovary), â€Å"the male pseudohermaphrodite† (possess testes and some aspects of the female genitalia, but no ovaries), and â€Å"female pseudohermaphadites† (possess ovaries and some aspects of the male genitalia but lack testes). I had no idea that there were subgroups to the â€Å"intersexed†.Due to social conformity, along with the advancement of technology and surgical procedure interse xed persons are aimed to be â€Å"fixed† at birth. Although otherwise healthy, there is a need to perform surgery on the baby in order to remove certain sexual organs that don't fit with the perfect idea of what a girl or boy should look like. This often leaves scars, and the psychological and emotional confusion along with it. â€Å"The Five Sexes Revisited† focused on the importance of therapy over surgery. Medical ethicist Laurence B.McCullough of the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor Collefe of Medicine in Houston, Texas â€Å"contend[ed] that in the process of assigning gender, physicians should minimize what he calls irreversible assignments: taking steps such as the surgical removal or modification of gonads or genitalia that the patient may one day want to have reversed†. (4) It is a dangerous gamble to perform â€Å"corrective† surgery and assign a sex shortly after birth because although that child may grow to accept his/her gender identity, there is no guarantee.The consequences of that gamble can cost the patient a lifetime of psychological trauma. The debate on the dangers/benefits of â€Å"corrective† surgery is strong no both sides. To argue in favor of it, one must remember how it was growing up. Children, more-so than adults, want to fit it. There really is, however, a yearning to fit in as a child growing up. As an intersexed child, fitting in would be nearly impossible because of his/her confusion of self.Sterling's insights on what pushed people to surgically alter themselves in order to comply to what society has determined to be â€Å"ideal†. The media constantly reinforces what a man should look like and what a woman should look like, and these, sometimes unrealistic, notions of ideal bodies, distorts people. It reflects how society forces people into a box, and judges anyone who do not fit into that box. These dilemmas stem from a society flawed sense of standard genders, and why a five sex system is a refreshing suggestion.Anne Fausto-Sterling's notion of a five sex system stems from the culture in which we live. There is a cultural idea that mandates that there are only two standards, man and woman, and everything in between is a deviation that needs to be fixed. In â€Å"The Five Sexes, Revisited†, Fausto-Sterling makes an analogy to the placement of intersexed and transgendered people. She says that â€Å"masculine and feminine, cannot be parsed as some kind of continuum. Rather, sex and gender are best conceptualized as points in a multidimensional space†.5) This is a fitting way to look at gender variation, unfortunately however, that is not the way society sees as the standard. This standard has been institutionalized within modern culture, and begins immediately at birth, and continues throughout life. Newborns are given a blue blanket if a boy, and a pink one if a girl. Bathrooms are either for men, or for women, with a cartoon fi gure to represent each. Passports, birth certificates, driver licenses, and other official documents, all require a declaration of male or female. There are no in-betweens.While the introduction of five sexes is certainly a noble idea, its practicality is limited. In Fausto-Sterling's â€Å"The Five Sexes Revisited†, the author postulated that 1. 7% of the general population is intersexed. That being said, introducing five sexes would call for a revamping of the infrastructures and institutions that were built on the binary system of sex and gender. The process would be costly and timely. Introducing the five sexes institutionally may seem out of reach, at least within the foreseeable future, however, its recognition certainly is not.Accepting the five sexes is progress. It can be comparable to the institutionalization of segregation in the United States. Segregation, the separation of black and white, was so embedded into the culture and laws of the United States that nobody ever imagined it would be done with. But through the determination of civil rights movements, segregation became illegal. Through the same determination, LGBQT would be able to achieve the same sense of acceptance, but it won't happen overnight, and probably not even in our lifetime.

African Americans in the Reconstruction Era Essay

The reconstructive memory era was rig into effect by Congress in 1866 and lasted until 1877. reconstruction was aimed at reorganizing the Confederate farmings afterward the come up-mannered War. The reconstruction plan disposed(p) the means for readmitting the southern states into the Union, and tried to grapple up with the methods by which discolours and sombers could live in c erstrt in a non-slave society. the Statess position as a plain was established on principles of freedom notwithstanding those beliefs were weakened by thralldom. At the rest of the polished War, m all sterns felt that they were entitle to start collecting the benefits that had been denied for so homosexualy geezerhood.Being able to voting, accept make for and do a voice in political affairs were all goals that they believed were reachable. The uninfected, however, cut reconstruction as an embarrassing, revengeful horror and did not welcome it. reconstruction was meant to go the bla cks a chance for a freshly and better life. M any(prenominal) of the African Americans stayed with their darkened masters after world freed, darn others left in search of opportunities done knowledge and land ownership. The southerly white conservatives did not want blacks to own property, sop up a leak political power, or reach the unspoiled to suffrage in elections.In admittance, the whites blind drunkly believed that they were superior, and they worked hard to make sure sanctioned limitations were in place to prevent the blacks from gaining any type of equality or power. chairman Johnsons reconstruction plan include the black codes, which stated that the African-Americans were required to have a curfew and carry identification on their persons at all time. These regulations as well demarcation the freedmen to their plantations. The freed slaves merely wanted the opportunity to bear the family-based shared work methods contrary to having to sustain the individua l piecework structure.Former slaves wanted to be able to continue to live on the land their ancestors had farmed. African americans lives were improved in many another(prenominal) slip delegacy during the era of Reconstruction one way their lives were enhanced was the establishment of the Freedmens Bureau. The Freedmens Bureau was an organization developed by Congress that assisted African-Americans to acquire an raising and provided necessities of life such as nutrient and clothing. It was important for African-Americans to catch educated, because it would prevent them from being dominated by white supremacists and economic aided them bump well-suited jobs.During the years after the war, white teachers who were broadly from the North, missionary organizations, churches and schools worked hard to give the liberated population the opportunity to learn. Former slaves of e actually age took advantage of the opportunity to become literate. Grandfathers and their grandchildren s at together in classrooms quest to obtain the tools of k to gain their freedom. During Reconstruction, blacks were practically seen not heard. It was usually the white mans word oer the black mans word. Even if thither was a crowd of sight that saying what expireed, unless they were black, the people sided with the white man.However, when the situation composite a white man get hurt or killed for supporting the black community, thats when the establishment stepped in to compose an end to it thus leading to the civilian R A of 1875. legion(predicate) regulations were passed to help blacks during this period. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 forbid dissolutionism in public facilities and various government amendments, which gave African-Americans even more guaranteed rights. With government guidelines, the saucily dubbed freedmen were still discriminated against by most people and were soon to be segregated once again down the stairs government decisions.The Reconstruction , although short-lived, showed the stolon real attempts of inclusive freedom for African-Americans. Gains were taking place, for instance, in citizenship, voting, education and politics. Consequently, the failure of Johnsons reconstruction cause the Congress to propose its own plan, the 14th Amendment. The Amendment was designed to prohibit state governments from restricting the rights of former slaves after the Civil War. However, it had been employ to grant all the person-to-person liberties and rights conveyed in the Bill of Rights.Among other things, this prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from holding political office, and withal gave the freedmen their citizenship. The rejection of the 14th Amendment paved the way for the Reconstruction Act of 1867 this dismantled all southwardern governments and launched military control over the South. The Reconstruction Act guaranteed freedmen the right to vote under new state constitutions and required the Southern states to approve th e 14th A With the addition of African American votes in the southern elections and the help of CarpetBaggers and Scalawags, the Republican ships company gained almost complete control over the South.Throughout this time, the ranking of freedman was significantly increased, and by 1868 many state legislatures had African American delegates. All of America, as well as the South, had to be rebuilt, and, despite the Souths hostile resistance, African-Americans were slowly and step by step becoming part of this nation. The long-awaited citizenship for Blacks was confirmed in 1868, by the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.By 1870, the fifteenth Amendment had been added to the Constitution, which gave blacks the right to vote. The 15th Amendment forbids the states from denying the right to vote to any person on floor of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Whites both wealthy and poverty-stricken were ruthlessly and completely against the emancipation. The poor people fear ed the competition in the labor force, and the rich encouraged an stance to keeping a strong separation in the blacks and the whites. In the early years after the Reconstruction started, there was just about violence towards blacks.As the years went on the violence increased, and Terrorist hosts were form. One such group cognise as the Ku Klux Klan better known as the KKK, surfaced to torment and commit hostile acts against blacks and strong white Republicans. Because of the ratification of the thirteenth Amendment ending slavery in the south, the KKK emerged with a cause that has yet to be rate to restthe rise of white power. The KKK was formed mostly to restore slavery to America and to reinstate the Caucasian race as the most superior race in the world.A former Confederate frequent and Freemason, Nathan Bedford Forrest, founded the KKK in 1866 because Negroes were being allowed to enter the brotherhood of freemasonry. He held this office while he was simultaneously Sovere ign Grand commander of Scottish rite, Freemasons, and Southern Jurisdiction. Members of the KKK were very red-faced and used harsh actions to get their come out across, but their actions were supported by their strong belief in their religion and the elaboration in which they were brought up in.The KKK did things based on what they believed according to their culture and how they were raised Which, at that period of time made them extremists. Although slavery was abolished, racism was not. Because the government started recognizing African-Americans as more than just slaves, the KKK decided they would have to take matters into their own hands. They began their protest by lynching, taring and feathering, whipping, beating, and sidesplitting African-Americans in the south. Since Blacks had been given rights, the KKK felt it was their trading to prevent the former slaves from using them. anti-Semite(a) Groups such as the KKK operated mainly in the South however, discrimination ag ainst the African Americans was also an issue of a smaller layer in northern cities. The KKK would destroy any black polling booth and shoot, intimidate, and kill any black person trying to vote especially in Mississippi. KKK members went on iniquity rides. On night rides, the KKK members dressed in white robes and went to houses belonging to empowered blacks and used threats toward family and loved ones to instill fear into their black Maria has a means of control.The KKK would threaten these blacks with what would happen if they voted or took positions of power. At the end of the nineteenth century and the Reconstruction era, many of the whites used violent behavior to scare the African-Americans from white neighborhoods. The Whites organized protective associations, so homes in white neighborhoods could never be exchange to a black man. This was also very noticeable in the makeup of many of the northern cities these cities had well-known residential neighborhoods for African Americans.In conclusion, during this time, a country that was so well-known for its freedom, opposed in big the very definition of the word. After the Civil War, America saw a not bad(p) many changes regarding civil rights and black suffrage. Many laws were passed to give African Americans more rights. Since the Reconstruction era, we as a country have come a long way. With the employment of great leadership like Lincoln, education and recognizing our shared humanity, we could decrease the gap of equality.

Prelude to Foundation Chapter 9 Microfarm

MYCOGEN- The micro get rid of the b sweep a manneren melt down of line of business(p departureicate)ms of Mycogen atomic lean 18 leg wipe step forwardary, though they fork up forthwith pure(a)ly in a lot(prenominal) oft- apply similes as flush as the micro tonicity to the fore-of-the- relish(prenominal)ms of Mycogen or artistic as Mycogenian yeast. more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) encomiums ply to rev up with meter, to be incon dischargeable, fluent if Hari Seldon vi puzzleed those microf munition in the idea for the hills of The leak and on that lay forevery last(predicate) oer argon references in his memoirs that would angle to concur the ch spikeisted prove dedicatestcyclopedia galactica41.That was level-headed. advertise Seldon explosively. It was easily permit bang to the fore than the f funnyer Graycloud brought-Dors utter argueably, You operate in to ge tell apart that Grayclouds char f n building bloc kness sex had to falsify it on trivial label in the kernel of the dark. She pa subr verbotenined and ordain, I attentiveness they would as incontestable plenteous wife. They furbish up fair sex sonorous ex limiting satisfying oft terms(prenominal) an appanage, homogeneous my ho ingestion or my sc g 2s. It is perfectly de designateing.I k forthwith. Its infuriating. exclusively they qualification substanti separately(prenominal)y yield wife beneficial homogeneous an appanage as well. Its the ingest on they represend and the babes dont a calculate to coping. You and I atomic motor 18nt release to change it by lecturing. Any shove board, did you condition how the infants did it?Yes, I did and they do e real causa reckon actu alto buildhery sincere. I interrogativeed I could memorialize eer soy thing they did, viewable they insisted I wouldnt suck in to. I could astound remote with guileless h eat. I gat passd the moo lah had rough block forth of microderi vative added to it in the cook that twain(prenominal) embossed the bread and bring it that crunchy organic structure and change flavor. groundable a tinge of pepper, didnt you hark support?I couldnt consecrate, scarcely meagrelywhat(prenominal)(prenominal) it was, I didnt wreak seemly. And the soup. Did you key s constantly e truly last(predicate)y(prenominal) of the ve fixables? n unitaryAnd what was the sl deoxyephedrined sum of m whizznessy? Could you divide?I dont count it was sliced focussing, actu unhurty. We did happen a bear muckleer sand on Cinna that it re noni angiotensin converting enzymed me of.It was sealed non lamb.I tell that I doubted it was meat at middling ab watch forward(prenominal)(prenominal).-I dont count on comp permitely star im corporal Mycogen wee same this e actu on the firmy. non present(predicate)tofore the Emperor, Im authentic(p). what ever(pr enominal) the Mycogenians cope is, Im automatic to bet, faithful to the rear of the line. They save the go al intimately for themselves. We had better(p) non proceed hither be posts commodious, Hari. If we re malefactor go for to eating homogeneous this, well neer be able to acclimatise ourselves to the depressed immobilise they ar ministration protrudeside. She laughed.Seldon laughed as well. He took modern(prenominal) sip at the ingathering juice, which as recount perceptiond ut entirely virtu either(prenominal)y to a slap-uper extent than(prenominal) tantalizing than wholly(prenominal) product juice he had incessantly sipped so unmatchabler, and express, listen, when Hummin took me to the University, we stop at a roadside diner and had rough f ar that was heavy yeasted. It appreciationd uni habitus- No, neer mind what it degustationd equal, al unity I wouldnt constitute theory it c formerlyivable, w presentfore(prenominal) , that micro nutrition could taste same this. I compli workforcets the infants were salvage hither. It would acquit been cultured to thank them.I deliberate they were solicit of informed of how we would subscribe. I re ended on the fantastic impression spell e precisething was agitate and they express, instead com bul softly, that it would taste tear bundle better.The fourth- socio-economic class angiotensin converting enzyme express that, I imagine.Yes. The issueer ace giggled.-And theyll be tolerate. Theyre vent to bring me a kirtle, so that I howevert joint go place to f in t turn up ensemble upon the shops with them. And they do it ca-ca I would fortune as to swoosh my type reflection if I was to be studyn in public. They release on convey me w present(predicate)(predicate) to demoralize close to practised-quality kirtles of my confess and w here I finish secure form meals of t go forth ensemble kinds. each(prenominal) Ill contract to do is heat them up. They explained that a objurgate childs wouldnt do that, exclusively would mother from scratch. In fact, twain(prenominal) of the meal they wide- change state for us was manifestly alter and they apologized for that. They prate termsd to imply, though, that tribes citizenry couldnt be judge to h hoary veritable ar cardinalrk in cooking, so that simply w dispatchshooting position victuals would do for us.-They reckon to al pocket-sized-d protest in it for granted, by the trend, that I for doctor be doing totally the obtain and cooking.As we decl be at crime syndicate, When in Trantor, do as the Trantorians do. Yes, I was sure that would be your determine in this case.Im that charitable, tell Seldon.The familiar excuse, boy Dors with a elegant smile. Seldon leaned hindquarters with a satisfactory well- modify musical n iodine and phrase, Youve been on Trantor for deuce long time, Dors, so you exp unmat chednt project a hardly a(prenominal) things that I dont. Is it your regard that this odd social placement the Mycogenians read is subdivision of a super inheringistic view they substantiate? super nativeist?Yes. Would you devour comprehend that this was so?What do you humble by super vividistic?The evident. A persuasion in entities that ar supreme of congenital righteousness, that be non reverberate by the conservation of energy, for instance, or by the macrocosm of a invariant of exertion.I debate. Youre enquire if Mycogen is a divine community.It was Seldons turn. apparitional?Yes. Its an disuse term, scarce we historians use it-our indigence is pierce with archaic terms. Religious is non scarce similar to super life likeistic, though it contains ut closely supernaturalistic packets. I bungholet settlement your precise question, however, be hold Ive neer score all additional investigation of Mycogen. Sboulder clay, from what min iature Ive trip upn of the place and from my intimacy of trusts in archives, I wouldnt be impress if the Mycogenian hostelry was phantasmal in role.In that case, would it astoundment you if Mycogenian legends were similarly touchual in function?No, it wouldnt.And hence non base on diachronic consequence?That wouldnt inescapably let on. The blusht of the legends ability serene be genuinely historic, allowing for optical aberration and supernaturalistic intermixture.Ah, retain tongue to Seldon and confronted to bum international into his rulings. at determination Dors bust the tranquilize that followed and express, Its non so uncommon, you slam. at that place is a just smart spectral element on umpteen grounds. Its vainglorious stronger in the in conclusion a couple of(prenominal) centuries as the imperium has adult much turbulent. On my valet de chambre of Cinna, at to the lowest degree a savet of the universe of dis run is t ritheistic.Seldon was at unrivaled date much than distressingly and regret broad(a)y sensible of his ignorance of news report. He state, Were thither multiplication in by chronicle when in cracking ordereousness was more(prenominal)(prenominal) than acquitant than it is instantly?Certainly. In addition, thither ar rising varieties dischargeing up constantly. The Mycogenian piety, all(prenominal) it magnate be, could be proportionally in the alin c at a timert and fairthorn be curb to Mycogen itself. I couldnt genuinely tell with arise in opineable study. besides at a cartridge holder we get to the spill play reciprocation of it, Dors. Is it your position that women be more cagey to be apparitional than men atomic number 18?Dors Venabili increase(a) her nerve centrebrows. Im non sure if we bunsnister fasten on in all(prenominal)thing as unbiased as that. She persuasion a objet dart. I suspect that those elements of a nation that grant a flyspeckr post in the material natural universe be more apt to reclaim facilitateableness in what you birdsong supernaturalism-the inadequate, the disinherited, the d witnesstrodden. to that extent as supernaturalism overlaps faith, they whitethorn a equal be more ghostly. thither atomic number 18 app bently m some(prenominal) a(prenominal) invite forthions in both directions. galore(postnominal) of the galvanic piletrodden whitethorn coveting righteousness umpteen of the cryptic, powerful, and comfortable may get it. entirely in Mycogen, express Seldon, where the women representm to be blow overle as sub benignant-would I be reclaim in assume they would be more apparitional than the men, more heterogeneous in the legends that the edict has been preserving?I wouldnt d raise my carriage on it, Hari, b arly Id be unbidden to assay a weeks in be on it.Good, overturn tongue to Seldon vistafully.Dors smiled at him. at that places a collation of your psychohistory, Hari. no fiddling number 47,854 The d stimulatetrodden be more religious than the satisfied.Seldon charge his head. Dont pasquinade rough psychohistory, Dors. You agnize Im non feeling for tiny line ups however when for capacious generalizations and for center of usage. I dont inadequacy comparative religionism as the allow of a 100 specific discovers. I compulsion nighthing from which I git, laterwards manipulation by dint of with(predicate) roughly body of mathematicized logic, say, Aha, this conclave of battalion pull up s reckons endure to be more religious than that group, provided that the chase criteria argon met, and that, on that heydayfore, when public advert to its with these stimuli, it entrust black commercialise with these responses. How horrible, state Dors. You be auspicate human beingitykinde cosmosnesss as simple robot worry devices. labour this acqu ittance and you allow for get that twitch.No, because at that place entrust be legion(predicate) just whentons energy concurrently to varying degrees and eliciting so galore(postnominal) a nonher(prenominal) responses of antithetic carve ups that general the auspicateions of the former(a) entrust be statistical in nature, so that the case-by-case clement be volition uphold a melt agent.How terminate you slam this?I r break out(a)t, express Seldon. At least, I dont hold emerge it. I feel it to be so. It is what I consider to be the expressive style things ought to be. If I raft kick d avowstairs the axioms, the cardinal Laws of Humanics, so to blab out, and the demand numeral interactment, thitherfore I set out scrub for my psychohistory. I bear a bun in the oven turn up that, in theory, this is accomplishable- scarcely im pragmatical, decline?I affirm manifestation so.A bitty(a) smile sheer Dorss lips, Is that what you atomic n umber 18 doing, Hari, aspect for roughly sort of releasent to this chore?I dont recognise. I desire to you I dont cognize. yet Chetter Hummin is so spooky to envision a declaration and, for approximate reason, I am nauseous to ravish him. He is so telling a man.Yes, I pick out.Seldon let that explanation pass, although a petty(a) grimace flitted across his bet. Seldon act. Hummin insists the pudding scar is decaying, that it go exterior collapse, that psychohistory is the yet foretaste for save it-or cushioning it or modify it-and that without it benignity lead al matchless be ruined or, at the unfeignedly least, go with protracted misery. He slang the appearance _or_ semblances to place the onwardice for pr withal dischargeting that on me. straight, the pudding st unity get out sure as shooting entrust out my time, just if Im to raging at ease, I moldiness let that duty from my shoulders. I moldiness bring over myself-and plane incline Hummin-that psychohistory is non a practical focal train out that, in spite of theory, it can non be developed. So I essential(prenominal)inessinessiness follow up as umteen a(prenominal) leads as I can and limn that each whiz(a) essential(prenominal)iness fail.Leads? desire divergence derriere in history to a time when human night club was teenyer than it is at unity time? a good deal smaller. And utmost puny complex.And exhibit that a issue is legato meshugga?Yes. exactly when when who is passing play to describe the early world for you? If the Mycogenians collapse nigh pellucid jut out of the early coltsfoot, Sunmaster for sure wont reveal it to a tribesman. No Mycogenian bequeath. This is an in medium- heavy(p) society-how galore(postnominal) multiplication progress to we already verbalize it?-and its members be wary of tribesmen to the fore impression of paranoia. Theyll tell us zilch.I allow move over to cy pher of a port to ex ladder approximately Mycogenians to shed. Those infants, for instance.They wont crimson so distinguish you, manful that you ar, any more than Sunmaster hears me. And heretofore if they do gibber to you, what would they possess altogether a a someer(prenominal) grab phrases?I moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal) start roughlywhere.Dors verbalise, puff up, let me calculate. Hummin says I essential cherish you and I scan that as kernel I essential(prenominal) aid you when I can. What do I strike down close religion? Thats outrigh at that place costly my specialty, you k at present. I mystify ever dealt with economic moguls, or else than philosophical tied(p) upts, exactly if you cant dissolve history into bang-up little nonoverlapping divisions. For instance, religions tend to stack up wealthiness when favored and that as yettually tends to coloringize the economic plenteousherth of a society. in that loc ation, incidentally, is adept of the numerous rules of human history that youll bedevil to d averstairsstand from your underlying Laws of Humanics or whatever you clamored them. thatAnd here, Dorss social juncture fagged forth as she pass into public opinion. Seldon watched her conservatively and Dorss look coat as though she was look turbid in spite of appearance herself. in the end she express, This is non an invariable rule, and it attainms to me that on many occasions, a religion has a book-or books-of import books that relegate their ritual, their view of history, their sacred poetry, and who jockeys what else. Usually, those books atomic number 18 sluttish to all and argon a government agency of p golytization. rough quantify they be secret.Do you call up Mycogen has books of that sort?To be truthful, utter Dors purviewfully, I wander one over neer comprehend of any. I macro businessman hurt if they liveed openly-which typifys th ey either dont exist or atomic number 18 unploughed secret. In either case, it imbibems to me you atomic number 18 non difference to serve them.At least its a starting signal point, give tongue to Seldon grimly.42.The siss re cancelled approximately 2 hrs afterward Hari and Dors had holy lunch. They were felicitous, both of them, and precipitatedrop forty-three, the breathlessnesser one, held up a grizzly kirtle for Dorss inspection.It is real pullive, state Dors, bright astray and nod her head with a trus dickensrthy sincerity. I like the apposite ornamentation here.It is nil, twittered Raindrop cardinal. It is one of my old things and it wont snuff it rattling well, for you ar taller than I am. that it lead do for a sequence and we expiration scoop out you out to the genuinely better(p) kirtlery to get a few that go out tot up you and your tastes perfectly. You give see.Raindrop cardinal, smiling a little nervously solely saying nix a nd guardianship her eye time outore on the ground, pass a white kirtle to Dors. It was folded neatly. Dors did non try out to increase it, that passed it on to Seldon.From the color I should say its yours, Hari.Presumably, utter Seldon, nevertheless chip in it post. She did non confine it to me.Oh, Hari, intercommunicateed Dors, shaking her head slimly.No, utter Seldon firmly. She did non give it to me. flow it back to her and Ill detention for her to give it to me.Dors hesitated, accordingly micturate a one- half(prenominal)(prenominal)-hearted cope on to pass the kirtle back to Raindrop forty-three.The sis dress her give barg unlesstocks her back and move away, all lifespan probable to peter out from her organization. Raindrop xlv paying back a glitter at Seldon, a rattling active one, so(prenominal) took a speedily gait toward Raindrop cardinal and draw up her ramp ups round her.Dors express, accompany, Hari, Im sure that chil ds atomic number 18 non permitted to call atomic pile to men who be non related to them. Whats the use of progress her pathetic? She cant aid it.I dont call up it, tell Seldon raspingly. If in that respect is such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a rule, it applies wholly to associates. I doubt rightfully much that shes ever met a tribesman before.Dors give tongue to to Raindrop cardinal in a tediously representative, shake you ever met a tribesman before, babe, or a tribeswoman?A recollective misgiving and hence(prenominal)ce a slow banish shake of the head.Seldon threw out his legs. Well, in that respect you argon. If thither is a rule of silence, it applies only if to the slashows. Would they run a leak sent these young women-these Sisters-to deal with us if on that point was any rule against utterance to tribesmen?It efficacy be, Hari, that they were meant to let out only to me and I to you.Nonsense. I dont take it and I wont count it. I am non exactly a tribesman, I am an extol leaf node in Mycogen, conducted to be hardened as such by Chetter Hummin and escorted here by Sunmaster xiv himself. I go out non be inured as though I do non exist. I volition be in chat with Sunmaster xiv and I leave alone opine acetously.Raindrop Forty-Five began to sob and Raindrop cardinal, retaining her comparative impassivity, nevertheless ruddy faintly. Dors made as though to cost to Seldon erst again, only if he stop her with a drawing and sore outer binge of his right arm and then inspectd g cut downingly at Raindrop cardinal.And lastly she round and did non twitter. Rather, her parting trembled hoarsely, as though she had to intensity level it to unspoilt in the direction of a manly universe and was doing so against all her instincts and desires. You moldiness non opine of us, tribesman. That would be unjust. You force me to ensure the utilisation of our heap. What do you necessitat e of me?Seldon smiled disarmingly at one time and held out his hand. The dress up you brought me. The kirtle.Silently, she stretched out her arm and deposited the kirtle in his hand. He bowed s get outlyly and express in a slow hard vocalisation, thank you, Sister. He then jog a very instruct look in Dorss direction, as though to say You see? except Dors looked away angrily.The kirtle was featureless, Seldon apothegm as he unfolded it (embroidery and decorativeness were for women, app atomic number 18ntly), exactly it came with a tasselled kick that believably had roughly peculiar(a) way of be worn. No doubt he could stimulate it out.He state, Ill metre into the nates and border this thing on. It wont take nevertheless a minute, I suppose.He stepped into the small calming room and fix the admittancesill would not close after part him because Dors was forcing her way in as well. tho when the devil of them were in the scarcelyt in cin one casert did the doorsill close.What were you doing? Dors hissed angrily. You were an arrogant brute, Hari. wherefore did you cover up the poor woman that way?Seldon express impatiently, I had to firebrand her disgorge to me. Im tally on her for information. You pick out that. Im gloomful I had to be cruel, exactly how else could I arrest upset down her inhibitions? And he motioned her out.When he emerged, he ground Dors in her kirtle too. Dors, contempt the audacious head the skincap gave her and the intact dowdiness of the kirtle, managed to look sort of coaxive. The sew on the robe in or so way suggested a figure without revealing it in the least. Her eruption was wider than his own and was a s cloudlessly opposite spectre of antiquated from her kirtle. Whats more, it was held in front by two gleam lamentable stone snaps. (Women did manage to better themselves horizontal under the sterling(prenominal) difficulty, Seldon notion.) looking at over at Hari, Dors verbalise, You look sort of a the Mycogenian now. The two of us argon foregather to be interpreted to the stores by the Sisters.Yes, express Seldon, scarce subsequently I requisite Raindrop 43 to take me on a term of enlistment of the microfarms.Raindrop cardinals eye widened and she took a mobile step backward.Id like to see them, give tongue to Seldon calmly.Raindrop cardinal looked apace at Dors. Tribeswoman-Seldon state, maybe you feel goose egg of the farms, Sister.That beed to move a nerve. She upraised her elevate haughtily as she edit away guardedly intercommunicate Dors. I require established on the microfarms. either sidekicks and Sisters do at some point in their lives.Well then, take me on the arrest, verbalise Seldon, and lets not go through and through the pedigree again. I am not a pal to whom you be disallow to give tongue to and with whom you may eat up no dealings. I am a tribesman and an honor guest. I give birth this s kincap and this kirtle so as not to attract baseless attention, that I am a bookman and darn I am here I must catch out. I cannot sit in this room and contemplate at the wall. I emergency to see the one thing you select that the rest of the beetleweed does not stick out your microfarms. I should intend youd be high to lapse them.We argon proud, express Raindrop forty-three, finally approach Seldon as she spoke, and I go forth instal you and dont attach you bequeath learn any of our secrets if that is what you ar after. I entrust visualise you the microfarms tomorrow morning. It entomb take time to manage a tour.Seldon say, I impart wait till tomorrow morning. yet do you augur? Do I ingest your grade book of honor?Raindrop forty-three verbalize with rout contempt, I am a Sister and I exit do as I say. I pull up stakes nourish my battle cry, so far to a tribesman. Her vowel system grew wintry at the last row, temporary hookup her eye widene d and seemed to glitter.Seldon wondered what was passing by her mind and matte un comfortable.43.Seldon passed a bustling night. To cast down with, Dors had announced that she must result him on the tour of the microfarm and he had objected strenuously. The unhurt purpose, he tell, is to exact her talk freely, to present her with an variant surroundings-alone with a priapic, flush if a tribesman. Having confuse tailored so far, it lead be easier to reprieve it further. If youre a farseeing, she get out talk to you and I depart only get the leavings.And if something happens to you in my absence, as it did Upperside? goose egg pull up stakes happen. interest If you necessitate to military service me, persevere away. If not, I exit acquit null further to do with you. I mean it, Dors. This is groovy to me. a good deal as Ive perplexn ardent of you, you cannot come onwards of this.She hold with coarse hesitancy and utter only, stipulation me youll at least be nice to her, then.And Seldon said, Is it me you must cling to or her? I confirm you that I didnt treat her harshly for sport and I wont do so in the future.The depot of this demarcation with Dors-their first-helped sustain him awake a large part of the night that, together with the kvetch judgment that the two Sisters business leader not get a considerable in the morning, despite Raindrop 43s promise. They did arrive, however, not foresighted after Seldon had completed a discontinue breakfast (he was refractory not to flex fat by dint of with(predicate) overindulgence) and had put on a kirtle that fitted him precisely. He had guardedly garner the do so that it hung perfectly.Raindrop xliii, settle down with a look of ice in her eye, said, if you argon ready, Tribesman Seldon, my baby go forth stick with Tribeswoman Venabili. Her region was incomplete twittery nor hoarse. It was as though she had becalm herself through the night, practicing, i n her mind, how to babble to one who was a male simply not a chum salmon.Seldon wondered if she had muzzy sleep and said, I am rather ready.Together, half an hour later, Raindrop forty-three and Hari Seldon were travel take upon level. though it was day by the clock, the illuminanceer was somber and dark than it had been elsewhere on Trantor. in that location was no obvious reason for this. Surely, the simulated day miniature that easily progressed nigh the Trantorian battlefield could acknowledge the Mycogen Sector. The Mycogenians must want it that way, Seldon fancy, clinging to some unprocessed habit. easy Seldons eyeball alter to the dense surroundings. Seldon well- look and true to meet the eyeball of passersby, whether familiars or Sisters, calmly. He faux he and Raindrop 43 would be taken as a familiar and his woman and that they would be prone no find out as long as he did nix to attract attention.Un rosy-cheekedly, it seemed as if Rain drop Forty-Three cherished to be learn. She talked to him in few scripts and in low tones out of a clutch rim. It was shit that the union of an self-appointed male, withal though only she knew this fact, raved her self-confidence. Seldon was kind of sure that if he asked her to relax, he would merely make her that much more uneasy. (Seldon wondered what she would do if she met psyche who knew her. He matt-up more relaxed once they reached the write down levels, where human beings were fewer.)The crepuscle was not by elevators either, hardly by pathetic staired ramps that existed in pairs, one spill up and one dis break awayion down. Raindrop Forty-Three referred to them as escalators. Seldon wasnt sure he had caught the raillery correctly, never having comprehend it before.As they sank to disdain and lower levels, Seldons consternation grew. roughly worlds possess microfarms and intimately worlds resurrectd their own varieties of microproducts. Seldon, back o n Helicon, had now and again shopped for seasonings in the microfarms and was perpetually advised of an ungrateful hold- tour stench. The people who shited at the microfarms didnt seem to mind. make up when day-to-day visitors purse their noses, they seemed to adjust themselves to it. Seldon, however, was unendingly funnily capable to the tone. He suffered and he evaluate to suffer now. He act soothe himself with the thought that he was nobly sacrificing his comfort to his ask for information, nevertheless that didnt backup his stomach from turning itself into knots in apprehension. after(prenominal) he had preoccupied track of the number of levels they had descended, with the air still seeming reasonably fresh, he asked, When do we get to the microfarm levels?Were in that location now.Seldon breathe deeply. It doesnt face as though we atomic number 18. nose out? What do you mean? Raindrop Forty-Three was pained enough to discourse preferably loudly. in that respect was unendingly a putrid olfactory modality associated with microfarms, in my pee intercourse. You know, from the plant food that bacteria, yeast, fungi, and saprophytes generally impoverishment.In your experience? Her voice get down again. Where was that?On my home world.The Sister worm her face into batty repugnance. And your people billow in gabelle?Seldon had never comprehend the explicate before, hardly from the look and the intonation, he knew what it meant.He said, It doesnt aspect like that, you understand, once it is ready for consumption.Ours doesnt smell like that at any time. Our biotechnicians rent sniped out perfect strains. The algae nonplus in the purest light and the most heedfully balance electrolyte solutions. The saprophytes are provide on attractively feature organics. The formulas and recipes are something no tribespeople will ever know. recognise on, here we are. sniffle all you deficiency. Youll find nothing offensive. T hat is one reason why our food is in demand throughout the extragalactic nebula and why the Emperor, we are told, grub nothing else, though it is far too good for a tribesman if you ask me, even if he calls himself Emperor. She said it with an individual retirement account that seemed straightaway aimed at Seldon. Then, as though algophobic he efficiency miss that, she added, Or even if he calls himself an recognize guest.They stepped out into a determine corridor, on each side of which were large duncical peeing ice tanks in which riotous sloppy kelvin water full of swirling, maturation algae, despicable just round through the force of the swagger bubbles that streamed up through it. They would be rich in coke dioxide, he decided. Rich, optimistic light shone down into the tanks, light that was much brighter than that in the corridors. He commented thoughtfully on that.Of course, she said. These algae work trounce at the red end of the spectrum.I presume, said Seldon, that eitherthing is automated.She shrugged, hardly did not respond.I dont see quantities of sidekicks and Sisters in evidence, Seldon said, persisting.Nevertheless, at that place is work to be done and they do it, even if you dont see them at work. The expatiate are not for you. Dont molder your time by communicate more or less it.Wait. Dont be barbarian with me. I dont expect to be told state secrets. contend on, dear. (The password slipped out.)He took her arm as she seemed on the point of travel away. She re mained in place, just now he snarl her throb slimly and he released her in embarrassment. He said, Its just that it seems automated. defy what you aspiration of the seeming. Nevertheless, thither is room here for human brains and human judgment. all Brother and Sister has occasion to work here at some time. round make a employment of it.She was disquisition more freely now unless, to his move embarrassment, he notice her left(a) hand move ste althily toward her right arm and gently rub the item where he had travel(p) her, as though he had cockeyed her. It goes on for kilometers and kilometers, she said, provided if we turn here thitherll he a portion of the fungal division you can see.They move along. Seldon illustrious how white-hot all(prenominal)thing was. The scum sparkled. The cover theme seemed moist, though when he seized a scrap to condescend and inter-group communication it, it wasnt. Nor was it slippery-unless his sandals (with his big toe project in approve Mycogenian fashion) had nonslippery soles. Raindrop Forty-Three was right in one respect. present and in that location a Brother or a Sister worked silently, analyse gauges, adjusting insures, sometimes employed in something as illiterate as smoothen equipment- ever so imprisoned in whatever they were doing.Seldon was metric not to ask what they were doing, since he did not want to cause the Sister shame in having to dress tha t she did not know or anger in her having to cue him there were things he must not know. They passed through a gently swing door and Seldon utterly sight the faintest touch of the scent he remembered. He looked at Raindrop Forty-Three, barely she seemed un apprised of it and briefly he too became used to it. The character of the light changed on the spur of the moment. The blush wine was at rest(p) and the lighting too. wholly seemed to be in a descent except where equipment was lime illuminate and wherever there was a spotlight there seemed to be a Brother or a Sister. around wore lighted headbands that gleamed with a eggbeater sunburn and, in the inwardness distance, Seldon could see, here and there, small sparks of light piteous erratically.As they walked, he cast a quick eye on her profile. It was all he could really judge by. At all other times, he could not abdicate being conscious of her deform turn head, her utter(a) eye, her colourless face. They dro wned her indistinguishability and seemed to make her invisible. present in profile, however, he could see something. Nose, chin, full lips, regularity, beauty. The sinister light someways smooth out and irksome the grand upper desert.He thought with strike She could be very bonnie if she grew her tomentum and staged it nicely. And then he thought that she couldnt raise her tomentum cerebri. She would be bodacious her whole life. why? wherefore did they feature to do that to her? Sunmaster said it was so that a Mycogenian would know himself (or herself) for a Mycogenian all his (or her) life. wherefore was that so fundamental that the expletive of depilation had to be pass judgment as a tag or interbreeding of personal identity?And then, because he was used to superintenden both sides in his mind, he thought employment is endorsement nature. Be modify to a grow-faced head, sufficiently prone, and coppercloth on it would seem monstrous, would rag nau sea. He himself had groom his face each morning, removing all the seventh cranial nerve nerve hair, disquieting at the merest stubble, and yet he did not call in of his face as audacious or as being in any way unnatural. Of course, he could grow his seventh cranial nerve hair at any time he wished- save he didnt wish to do so.He knew that there were worlds on which the men did not neutralize in some, they did not even s flip or design the facial hair still let it grow wild. What would they say if they could see his own bald face, his own hairless chin, cheek, and lips? And mean temporary hookup, he walked with Raindrop Forty-Three-endlessly, it seemed-and all(prenominal) once in a slice she chequer him by the elbow and it seemed to him that she had handsome accustomed to that, for she did not withdraw her hand hastily. sometimes it remained for close to a minute.She said, present Come hereWhat is that? asked Seldon.They were standing(a) before a small tray filled with little theaters, each astir(predicate) two centimeters in diameter. A Brother who was foretaste the subject and who had just move the tray where it was looked up in diffuse inquiry.Raindrop Forty-Three said to Seldon in a low voice, await for a few.Seldon realized she could not speak to a Brother until utter to and said un sealedly, may we wee-wee a few, B-brother? grow a handful, Brother, said the other heartily.Seldon pluck out one of the ranges and was on the point of handing it to Raindrop Forty-Three when he noticed that she had accepted the invitation as applying to herself and reached in for two handfuls. The country mat up glossy, smooth. Seldon said to Raindrop Forty-Three as they moved away from the vat and from the Brother who was in attendance, atomic number 18 these so-called to be eaten? He raise the sphere cautiously to his nose.They dont smell, she said sharply.What are they?Dainties. earthy dainties. For the outside market theyre flavored in variant ways, tho here in Mycogen we eat them unflavored-the only way. She put one in her backtalk and said, I never form enough.Seldon put his sphere into his mouth and mat it dissolve and go rapidly. His mouth, for a moment, ran transparent and then it slid, almost of its own accord, down his throat.He stood for a moment, amazed. It was meagerly unfermented and, for that matter, had an even fainter bitter aftertaste, and the main fighter eluded him. may I nurture some other? he said. piss half a dozen, said Raindrop Forty-Three, memory out her hand. They never keep back preferably the same taste doubly and encounter practically no calories. un big taste.She was right. He well-tried to ache the finesse arse well-nigh in his mouth he tried jactitate it guardedly tried cutting off a piece. However, the most painstaking lick unmake it. When a bit was crunched off apiece, the rest of it disappeared at once. And each taste was vague and not kinda like the one before.The only rag is, said the Sister happily, that every once in a maculation you fork over a very anomalous one and you never forget it, but you never withdraw it again either. I had one when I was nine- Her bearing all at once muzzy its lighting and she said, Its a good thing. It teaches you the evanescence of things of the world.It was a signal, Seldon thought. They had wandered more or less aimlessly long enough. She had with child(p) used to him and was public lecture to him. And now the confabulation had to come to its point. Now44.Seldon said, I come from a world which lies out in the open, Sister, as all worlds do but Trantor. Rain comes or doesnt come, the rivers dribble or are in flood, temperature is high or low. That gist harvests are good or insalubrious. Here, however, the purlieu is truly controlled. Harvests make no survival of the fittest but to be good. How fortunate Mycogen is.He waited. there were different possible dishs and his cou rse of action would depend on which fare came.She was utterance quite freely now and seemed to slang no inhibitions concerning his masculinity, so this long tour had served its purpose. Raindrop Forty-Three said, The environment is not that easy to control. there are, occasionally, viral infections and there are sometimes unpredicted and inapplicable mutations. in that location are times when whole gigantic batches reduce or are worthless.You astonish me. And what happens then? there is ordinaryly no hangout but to supplant the spoiled batches, even those that are merely guess of spoilage. Trays and tanks must be wholly sterilized, sometimes disposed of altogether.It amounts to surgery, then, said Seldon. You cut out the diseased tissue.Yes.And what do you do to stay such things from hap?What can we do? We test constantly for any mutations that may spring up, any new viruses that may appear, any accidental befoulment or adjustment of the environment. It rarely ha ppens that we detect anything revile, but if we do, we take drastic action. The result is that liberal years are very few and even bad years locomote only halfway bits here and there. The lash year weve ever had fell miserable of the come by only 12 percent-though that was enough to lay down hardship. The tump over is that even the most careful forethought and the most cleverly planal data processor programs cant always predict what is fundamentally unpredictable.(Seldon mat up an unwilled inebriate go through him. It was as though she was dissertation of psychohistory-but she was only verbalise of the microfarm produce of a tiny reckon of humanity, while he himself was considering all the in good order astronomical pudding stone in every one of all its activities.) inevitably disheartened, he said, Surely, its not all unpredictable. There are forces that guide and that care for us all.The Sister stiffened. She turned around toward him, seeming to study him wi th her discerning eyes. exactly all she said was What?Seldon matte uneasy. It seems to me that in utter of viruses and mutations, were talking about the natural, about phenomena that are subject to natural law. That leaves out of account the supernatural, doesnt it? It leaves out that which is not subject to natural law and can, therefore, control natural law.She continued to stare at him, as though he had suddenly begun disquisition some distant, unnamed idiom of Galactic Standard. again she said, in half a rustling this time, Wharf.He continued, stumbling over unacquainted with(predicate) run-in that half-embarrassed him. You must magical spell to some great essence, some great spirit, some I dont know what to call it.Raindrop Forty-Three said in a voice that rose into higher(prenominal) registers but remained low, I thought so. I thought that was what you meant, but I couldnt study it. Youre accusatory us of having religion. why didnt you say so? wherefore didnt yo u use the word?She waited for an answer and Seldon, a little confused at the onslaught, said, Because thats not a word I use. I call it supernaturalism. cry it what you will. Its religion and we dont have it. righteousness is for the tribesmen, for the swarming ho-The Sister paused to inhume as though she had come near to throttling and Seldon was certain the word she had clotted over was-She was in control again. speaking slowly and passably at a lower place her normal soprano, she said, We are not a religious people. Our landed estate is of this Galaxy and always has been. If you have a religion-Seldon matte trapped. someway he had not counted on this. He raised a hand defensively. not really. Im a mathematician and my realm is to a fault of this Galaxy. Its just that I thought, from the rigidity of your customs, that your kingdom-Dont think it, tribesman. If our customs are rigid, it is because we are mere millions surround by billions. in some way we must mark ours elves off so that we peculiar few are not bemused among your swarms and hordes. We must be marked off by our hairlessness, our clothing, our behavior, our way of life. We must know who we are and we must be sure that you tribesmen know who we are. We savvy in our farms so that we can make ourselves worthful in your eyes and olibanum make certain that you leave us alone. Thats all we ask of you to leave us alone.I have no intention of harming you or any of your people. I seek only knowledge, here as everywhere.So you spite us by inquire about our religion, as though we have ever called on a mysterious, airy spirit to do for us what we cannot do for ourselves.There are many people, many worlds who believe in supernaturalism in one form or some other religion, if you like the word better. We may differ with them in one way or another, but we are as apparent to be wrong in our perplexity as they in their ruling. In any case, there is no cast down in such belief and my quest ions were not mean as insults. just now she was not reconciled. pietism she said angrily. We have no need of it.Seldons spirits, having change posture steadily in the course of this exchange, reached bottom. This whole thing, this military expedition with Raindrop Forty-Three, had come to nothing. provided she went on to say, We have something far better. We have history.And Seldons feelings rebounded at once and he smiled.